司法部关于修改《香港、澳门特别行政区律师事务所驻内地代表机构管理办法》的决定
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来源:法律资料网
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司法部关于修改《香港、澳门特别行政区律师事务所驻内地代表机构管理办法》的决定
中华人民共和国司法部令
第104号
《司法部关于修改〈香港、澳门特别行政区律师事务所驻内地代表机构管理办法〉的决定》已经2006年12月1日司法部部务会议审议通过，现予发布，自2007年1月1日起施行。
司法部部长 吴爱英
二○○六年十二月二十二日
司法部关于修改《香港、澳门特别行政区律师事务所驻内地代表机构管理办法》的决定
为了促进香港、澳门与内地建立更紧密经贸关系，根据国务院批准的《〈内地与香港关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排〉补充协议三》和《〈内地与澳门关于建立更紧密经贸关系的安排〉补充协议三》，决定将《香港、澳门特别行政区律师事务所驻内地代表机构管理办法》第十九条修改为：“代表处的代表可以自行决定在内地居留的时间”。
本决定自2007年1月1日起施行。
《香港、澳门特别行政区律师事务所驻内地代表机构管理办法》(司法部令第70号发布，司法部令第84号修正)根据本决定作相应修正，重新发布。
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The Similar And Different Regulations
On Industrial Designs
Between China And Canada
He Zijing
Abstract:
With China entering WTO, more and more Chinese industrial designers want to apply internationally to register their designs outside China. This paper shows you the detailed comparison about regulations concerning industrial designs between China and Canada, gives some suggestions about the process to register internationally to protect Chinese applier. Some hints imposed on the difference between the two countries will help to improve our patent law.
KEYWORDS:
Industrial design, China, Canada
1. General introduction on industrial designs
1.1 What is an industrial design?
1.1.1 Of WIPO
An industrial design is the ornamental of aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color. Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft. To be protected under most national laws, an industrial design must appeal to the eye. This means that an industrial design is primarily of an aesthetic nature, and does not protect any technical features of the article to which it is applied.
1.1.2 Of CHINA
Design in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, the pattern or their combination, or the combination of the color with shape or pattern, of a product with creates an aesthetic feeling and it fits for industrial application.
1.1.3 Of CANADA
Design of industrial design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.
1.2 Other forms of Intellectual Property
In China, Intellectual property can be generally classified as patent, copyright, trademark. Patents, or in other words, inventions-creations, mean inventions, utility models and designs. So that the designs are one of the subdivisions of patents.
Whereas, in Canada, in addition to industrial designs, there other forms of intellectual property, as patents, copyrights, and integrated circuit topographies. Hereby, patents cover new inventions (process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter), or any new and useful improvement of an existing invention. So that industrial designs have the equal statues to patents, as one of the subdivisions of intellectual property.
1.3 Why protect industrial designs?
Industrial designs are what make an article attractive and appealing; hence, they add to the commercial value of a product and increase its marketability.
When an industrial design is protected, the owner-the person or entity that has registered the design-is assured an exclusive right against unauthorized copying or imitation of the design by third parties. This helps to ensure a fair return on investment. An effective system of protection also benefits consumers and the public at large, by promoting fair competition and honest trade practices, encouraging creativity, and promoting more aesthetically attractive product.
Protecting industrial designs helps economic development, by encouraging creativity in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, as well as in the traditional arts and crafts. They contribute to the expansion of commercial activities and the export of national products.
Industrial designs can be relatively simple and inexpensive to develop and protect. They are reasonably accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as to individual artists and craftsmen, in both industrialized and developing countries.
1.4 How can industrial designs be protected?
In most countries, an industrial design must be registered in order to be protected under Industrial Design Law. As for China, the regulations on design are under the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing regulations; As for Canada, The Industrial Design Act and Industrial Design Regulations details the regulations that govern design rights. As a general rule, to be registerable, the design must be “new” or “original”. Different countries have varying definitions of such terms, as well as variations in the registration process itself. Generally, “new” means that no identical or very similar design is known to have existed before.
Depending on the particular national law and the kind of design, an industrial design may also be protected as a work of art under copyright.
2.The main difference concerning registration
2.1 When to file an application
There is no time limit for filing an application as long as the design had never been published. The term “published” means that the design has been made public (even to your neighbors) or offered for commercial sale or use anywhere in the world. It is best to file an quickly as possible if publication has occurred.
In china, an design application does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred: [1] where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored of recognized by the Chinese Government;[2]where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;[3]when it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.
In Canada, the design shall be refused to be registered if the application is filed more than one year after the publication of the design in Canada of somewhere.
2.2 who can apply?
Only the proprietor of a design may apply for and obtain registration for an industrial design both in China and Canada, while there exists little difference between the two countries on the question that who can be defined as proprietor.[1] usually you are considered the proprietor if you have created the design;[2] if you work together with other person to creat a design, you should file for registration as joint proprietors ( unless you are all working under contract or commission );[3] if you have acquired ownership of a design, then you may apply;[4] if you are employee of a company and develop design as part of your employment, then the employer may be the proprietor. In that case, only the employer may apply in Canada; while in china, the entity and the inventor or creator may enter into a contract in which the right to apply for and own the exclusive right is provided for;[5] if you have been hired under contract to develop design for someone else, then that person is the proprietor and is the only one entitled to apply for registration in Canada; whereas in that case in China, the right to apply for registration belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual that made the design.
2.3 What requirements to make designs registerable?
In Canada, the minister shall register the design if the minister finds that it is not identical with or dose not so closely resemble any other design already registered as to be confounded therewith, and shall return to the proprietor thereof the drawing or photograph and description with the certificate required.
In China, any design for which patent fight may be granted must not be identical with and similar to any design which, before the date of falling has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not be in conflict with any prior right of any other person.
2.4 What you cannot register?
In Canada, you cannot register the following under the Industrial Design Act: [1] Designs that are utilitarian only and which are not intended to provide visual appeal; [2] Designs that have no fixed appearance; [3] Designs for components that are not clearly visible; [4] a method of construction; [5] an idea; [6] materials used in the construction of an article; [7] the useful function of the article; or [8] color.
In China, for any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: [1] scientific discoveries;[2] rules and methods for mental activities;[3] methods for diagnoses or for the treatment for the diseases;[4] animal and plant varieties;[5] substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.
From the above regulations, we can see that the Chinese regulations is more generic for all of the three types of creation-inventions; and the Canadian’s is more special in detail on designs. So we should absorb some of them in our implementing regulations of patent law.
2.5 searching of office record prior to filing an application
Prior to filing an application, you may wish to conduct a search of office records in order to better determine whether your design is truly new and original. This will give you the opportunity to see other registered designs. You should also keep your design confidential.
2.6 How long the process takes?
In Canada, the Office dose not register any design until six months after the date of filing. Normally it takes between eight and twelve months to have your application examined. While in china, there is no such kind of provisions concerning the term of process of designs.
2.7 Duration of protection
Both in the two countries, duration of protection of industrial designs is for ten-year term, while the beginning date is quite different. In Canada, it is the date of registration-usually six months after the date of filing; in china, it is the date of filing. Once the ten-year term has expired, anyone is free to make, import, rent or sell etc., the designs.
2.8 Extension of protection
In Canada, your application must include a description which identifies the features that constitute the design since the court may use your description to help determine the limits of protection for your design, you should word your description with care and precision. If your description is too broad, you may over-extend the scope of the design, and it may be impossible to enforce. If it is too narrow, you may limit the scope of the design or leave out features that you intended to protect.
海关总署
中华人民共和国海关总署
公 告
2001年 第 19 号
《中华人民共和国海关进出口货物报关单填制规范》（以下简称《规范》）已作修订，自2002年1月1日起执行。现将有关修订内容公告如下：
一、根据中华人民共和国海关总署2001年14号公告，为统一转关运输货物报关单的填制标准，保证跨关区快速通关作业系统在全国的顺利实施，对《规范》作以下修改：
（一）《规范》第九条“运输工具名称”增加如下内容，相关内容作相应修改：
1．进口转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
（1）江海运输进境货物：直转货物填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号（或13位载货清单号）；中转货物填报进境英文船名（必须与提单、转关单填写完全一致）+“/”+“@”+进境船舶航次。
（2）航空运输进境货物：直转货物填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号；国际空运联程货物填报8位分运单号，无分运单的为空。
（3）铁路运输进境货物：直转货物填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号；中转货物填报车厢编号+“/”+“@”+8位进境日期（年年年年月月日日）。
（4）公路及其它运输方式进境货物：填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号（或13位载货清单号）。
（5）以上各种运输方式进境货物，在使用载货清单（广东地区）转关的提前报关货物填报“@”+13位载货清单号；其它提前报关货物为空。
2．出口转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
（1）江海运输出境货物：出口非中转货物填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号（或13位载货清单号）；中转货物：境内江海运输填报“驳船船名”+“/”+“驳船航次”；境内铁路运输填报车名（4位关别代码+TRAIN）+“/”+日期（6位启运日期）；境内公路运输填报车名（4位关别代码+TRUCK）+“/”+日期（6位启运日期）。
上述“驳船船名”、“驳船航次”、“车名”、“日期”均须事先在海关备案。
（2）铁路运输出境货物：填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号；多张报关单需要通过一张转关单转关的，填报“@”。
（3）其它运输方式出境货物：填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号（或12位载货清单号）。
（二）《规范》第十条“提运单号”最后一款修改为：
1．进境转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
（1）江海运输进境货物：填报海运正本提单号；进口提前报关为空。
（2）航空运输进境货物：直转货物填报11位总运单号+“/”+8位分运单号，无分运单号的填报11位总运单号；进口提前报关为空；国际空运联程货物填报“@”+总运单号。
（3）铁路运输进境货物：填报铁路运单号；进口提前报关为空。
（4）其它运输方式进境的转关运输货物，本栏目为空。
（5）以上各种运输方式进境货物，在广东省内用公路运输转关的，填报车牌号。
2．出境转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
（1）江海运输出境货物：出口中转货物填报海运正本提单号；出口非中转货物为空；广东省内提前报关的转关货物填报车牌号。
（2）其它运输方式出境货物：广东省内提前报关的转关货物填报车牌号；其它地区为空。
二、根据《海关总署关于增列海关监管方式代码和明确出口加工区进出境货物备案清单填制要求的通知》（署通[2000]747号），出口加工区内企业向海关申报货物进出境、进出区，以及在同一出口加工区内或不同出口加工区之间结转货物的双方企业，应填制《出口加工区进（出）境货物备案清单》。加工区与区外之间进出的货物，区外企业还应同时填制《出（进）口货物报关单》，向出口加工区海关办理进出口报关手续。《出口加工区进（出）境货物备案清单》原则上按《进出口货物报关单填制规范》的要求填制，部分栏目有特殊填制要求。为此，对《规范》作以下修改：
（一）《规范》第三条“进口口岸／出口口岸”增加一款，作为倒数第二款：
在不同出口加工区之间转让的货物，填报对方出口加工区海关名称及代码。
（二）《规范》第四条“备案号”最后一款增加如下内容：
出入出口加工区的保税货物，应填报标记代码为H的电子帐册备案号；出入出口加工区的征免税货物、物品，应填报标记代码为H、第六位为D的电子帐册备案号。
（三）《规范》第八条“运输方式”第三款增加一项，作为第4项：
4.出口加工区与区外之间进出的货物，填报“Z”；同一出口加工区内或不同出口加工区的企业之间相互结转（调拨）的货物，填报“9”（其他运输）；
（四）《规范》第十二条“贸易方式（监管方式）”增加一款，作为第二款：
出口加工区内企业填制的《出口加工区进（出）境货物备案清单》应选择填报适用于出口加工区货物的监管方式简称或代码。
三、根据《海关总署关于增列海关监管方式代码及局部调整报关单填制要求的通知》（署通发[2001]285号），《规范》第三十五条“商品名称、规格型号”第三款第2项修改为：
商品名称应当规范，规格型号应当足够详细，以能满足海关归类、审价及许可证件管理要求为准。本栏目填报内容包括：品名、牌名、规格、型号、成份、含量、等级等。
四、根据《海关总署关于下发〈便捷通关作业规程（试行）〉的通知》（署通发[2001]401号），经海关批准实行加工贸易联网监管的企业，应在向海关申报货物进出口、结转报关单前，向海关申报“清单”。一份报关清单对应一份报关单，报关单商品项由报关清单归并而得。通关系统自动审核报关清单与报关单及电子帐册的一致性。为此，《规范》第三十三条“项号”增列一款，作为最后一款：
经海关批准实行加工贸易联网监管的企业，应在向海关申报货物进出口、结转报关单前，向海关申报“清单”。一份报关清单对应一份报关单，报关单商品项由报关清单归并而得。
五、为顺利实施协定税率，凡申报采用协定税率的商品，必须在报关单的备注栏填报原产地证明标记，为此，《规范》第三十二条“标记唛码及备注”增加下述内容，列在本条的最后：
凡申报采用协定税率的商品，必须在报关单本栏目填报原产地证明标记，具体填报方法为：
在一对“〈〉”内以“协”字开头，依次填入该份报关单内企业能提供原产地证明的申报商品项号，各商品项号之间以“，”隔开；如果商品项号是连续的，则填报“起始商品项号”+“�”+“终止商品项号”，例如：
某份报关单的第2、5、16项商品，企业能够提供原产地证明，则填报“〈协2，5，16〉”；
某份报关单的第4、9、10、11、12、17项商品，企业能够提供原产地证明，则填报“〈协4，9-12，17〉”。
上述尖括号（〈〉）、逗号（，）、连接符（-）及数字都必须使用非中文状态下的半角字符。
附件：《中华人民共和国海关进出口货物报关单填制规范》
（修订稿）
二ОО一年十二月十四日
附件：
中华人民共和国海关进出口货物报关单填制规范
为统一进出口货物报关单填报要求，保证报关单数据质量，根据《海关法》及有关法规，制定本规范。
本规范在一般情况下采用“报关单”或“进口报关单”、“出口报关单”的提法，需要分别说明不同要求时，则分别采用以下用语：
1．报关单录入凭单：指申报单位按海关规定的格式填写的凭单，用作报关单预录入的依据（可将现行报关单放大后使用）。
2．预录入报关单：指预录入公司录入、打印，并联网将录入数据传送到海关，由申报单位向海关申报的报关单。
3．EDI报关单：指申报单位采用肋I方式向海关申报的电子
报文形式的报关单及事后打印、补交备核的书面报关单。
4．报关单证明联：指海关在核实货物实际入、出境后按报关
单格式提供的证明，用作企业向税务、外汇管理部门办结有关手
续的证明文件。
进出口货物报关单各栏目的填制规范如下：
一、预录入编号
指申报单位或预录入单位对该单位填制录入的报关单的编用于该单位与海关之间引用其申报后尚未批准放行的报关
报关单录入凭单的编号规则由申报单位自行决定。预录入报
关单及EDI报关单的预录入编号由接受申报的海关决定编号规
则，计算机自动打印。
二、海关编号
指海关接受申报时给予报关单的编号。
海关编号由各海关在接受申报环节确定，应标识在报关单的
每一联上。
报关单海关编号为9位数码，其中前两位为分关(办事处)
编号，第三位由各关自定义，后六位为JI匝序编号。各直属海关对
进口报关单和出口报关单应分别编号，并确保在同一公历年度
内，能按进口和出口唯一地标识本关区的每一份报关单。
各直属海关的理单岗位可以对g3档的报关单另行编制理单I／刁
档编号。理单g3档编号不得在部门以外用于报关单标识。
三、进口口岸／出口口岸
指货物实际进(出)我国关境口岸海关的名称。
本栏目应根据货物实际进(出)口的口岸海关选择填报《关
区代码表》中相应的口岸海关名称及代码。
加工贸易合同项下货物必须在海关核发的《登记手册》(或
分册，下同)限定或指定的口岸海关办理报关手续，《登记手册》
限定或指定的口岸与货物实际进出境口岸不符的，应向合同备案主管海关办理《登记手册》的变更手续后填报。
进口转关运输货物应填报货物进境地海关名称及代码， 出口
转关运输货物应填报货物出境地海关名称及代码。按转关运输方
式监管的跨关区深加工结转货物， 出口报关单填报转出地海关名
称及代码，进口报关单填报转入地海关名称及代码。
在不同出口加工区之间转让的货物，填报对方出口加工区海
关名称及代码。
其他无实际进出境的货物，填报接受申报的海关名称及代
码。
四、备案号
指进出口企业在海关办理加工贸易合同备案或征、减、免税
审批备案等手续时，海关给予《进料加工登记手册》、《来料加工
及中小型补偿贸易登记手册》、㈦卜商投资企业履行产品出口合同
进口料件及加工出口成品登记手册》(以下均简称《登记手册》)、
《进出口货物征免税证明》(以下简称《征免税证明》)或其他有
关备案审批文件的编号。
一份报关单只允许填报一个备案号。
具体填报要求如下：
1．加工贸易合同项下货物，除少量低价值辅料按规定不使用
《登记手册》的外，必须在报关单备案号栏目填报《登记手册》
的十二位编号。
加工贸易成品凭《征免税证明》转为享受减免税进口货物的，进口报关单填报《征免税证明》编号，出口报关单填报《登记手
册》编号。
2．凡涉及减免税备案审批的报关单，本栏目填报《征免税证
明》编号，不得为空；
3．无备案审批文件的报关单，本栏目免予填报。
备案号长度为12位，其中第1位是标记代码。出入出口加
工区的保税货物，应填报标记代码为H的电子帐册备案号； 出入
出口加工区的征免税货物、物品，应填报标记代码为H、第六位
为D的电子帐册备案号。
五、进口日期／出口日期
进口日期指运载所申报货物的运输工具申报进境的日期。本
栏目填报的日期必须与相应的运输工具进境日期一致。
出口日期指运载所申报货物的运输工具办结出境手续的日
期。本栏目供海关打印报关单证明联用，预录入报关单及EDI报
关单均免于填报。
无实际进出境的报关单填报办理申报手续的日期。
本栏目为6位数，顺序为年、月、日各2位。
六、申报日期
指海关接受进(出)口货物的收、发货人或其代理人申请办
理货物进(出)口手续的日期。
预录入及EDI报关单填报向海关申报的日期，与实际情况不
符时，由审单关员按实际日期修改批注。
本栏目为6位数，／顷序为年、月、日各2位。
七、经营单位
经营单位指对外签订并执行进出口贸易合同的中国境内企业
或单位。
本栏目应填报经营单位名称及经营单位编码。经营单位编码
为十位数字，指进出口企业在所在地主管海关办理注册登记手续
时，海关给企业设置的注册登记编码。
特殊情况下确定经营单位原则如下：
1．援助、赠送、捐赠的货物，填报直接接受货物的单位；
2．进出口企业之间相互代理进出口，或没有进出口经营权的
企业委托有进出口经营权的企业代理进出口的，填报代理方。
3．外商投资企业委托外贸企业进口投资设备、物品的，填报
外商投资企业。
八、运输方式
指载运货物进出关境所使用的运输工具的分类。
本栏目应根据实际运输方式按海关规定的《运输方式代码
表》选择填报相应的运输方式。
报
特殊情况下运输方式的填报原则如下：
1．非邮政方式进出口的快递货物，按实际运输方式填报；
2．进出境旅客随身携带的货物，按旅客所乘运输工具填报；
3．进口转关运输货物，按载运货物抵达进境地的运输工具填
出口转关运输货物，按载运货物驶离出境地的运输工具填报； 4．出口加工区与区外之间进出的货物，填报“Z”； 同一出口
加工区内或不同出口加工区的企业之间相互结转(调拨)的货物，
填报“9”(其他运输)；
5．其他无实际进出境的，根据实际情况选择填报《运输方式
代码表》中运输方式“0”(非保税区运入保税区和保税区退区)、
“1”(境内存入出口监管仓库和出口监管仓库退仓)、“7”(保税
区运往非保税区)、“8，，(保税，仓库转内销)或“9”(其他运输)。
九、运输工具名称
指载运货物进出境的运输工具的名称或运输工具编号。
本栏目填制内容应与运输部门向海关申报的载货清单所列相
应内容一致。
一份报关单只允许填报一个运输工具名称。
具体填报要求如下：
1．江海运输填报船舶呼号(来往港澳小型船舶为监管簿编
号)+“／”+航次号；
2．汽车运输填报该跨境运输车辆的国内行驶车牌号+“／”+
进出境日期(8位数字，即年年年年月月日日，下同)；
3．铁路运输填报车次(或车厢号)+“／”+进出境日期；
4．航空运输填报航班号+进出境日期+“／”+总运单号；
5．邮政运输填报邮政包裹单号+“／”+进出境日期；
6．其他运输填报具体运输方式名称，例如：管道、驮畜等
7．无实际进出境的加工贸易报关单按以下要求填报：
加工贸易深加工结转及料件结转货物，加工贸易成品凭《征
免税证明》转为享受减免税进口的货物，出口加工区与区外之间
进出的货物，同一出口加工区内或不同出口加工区的企业之间相
互结转(调拨)的货物，应先办理进口报关，并在出口报关单本
栏目填报转入方关区代码(前两位)及进口报关单号， 即“转入
XX(关区代码)XXXXXXXXX(进口报关单／备案清单
号)”。按转关运输货物办理结转手续的，按转关运输有关规定填
报。
进口转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
1．江海运输进境货物：直转货物填报“㈤”+16位转关申报单
预录入号(或13位载货清单号)；中转货物填报进境英文船名(必
须与提单、转关单填写完全一致)+“／”+“㈤”+进境船舶航次；
2．航空运输进境货物：直转货物填报“④”+16位转关中报单
预录入号；国际空运联程货物填报8位分运单号，无分运单的为
On Industrial Designs
Between China And Canada
He Zijing
Abstract:
With China entering WTO, more and more Chinese industrial designers want to apply internationally to register their designs outside China. This paper shows you the detailed comparison about regulations concerning industrial designs between China and Canada, gives some suggestions about the process to register internationally to protect Chinese applier. Some hints imposed on the difference between the two countries will help to improve our patent law.
KEYWORDS:
Industrial design, China, Canada
1. General introduction on industrial designs
1.1 What is an industrial design?
1.1.1 Of WIPO
An industrial design is the ornamental of aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color. Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft. To be protected under most national laws, an industrial design must appeal to the eye. This means that an industrial design is primarily of an aesthetic nature, and does not protect any technical features of the article to which it is applied.
1.1.2 Of CHINA
Design in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, the pattern or their combination, or the combination of the color with shape or pattern, of a product with creates an aesthetic feeling and it fits for industrial application.
1.1.3 Of CANADA
Design of industrial design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.
1.2 Other forms of Intellectual Property
In China, Intellectual property can be generally classified as patent, copyright, trademark. Patents, or in other words, inventions-creations, mean inventions, utility models and designs. So that the designs are one of the subdivisions of patents.
Whereas, in Canada, in addition to industrial designs, there other forms of intellectual property, as patents, copyrights, and integrated circuit topographies. Hereby, patents cover new inventions (process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter), or any new and useful improvement of an existing invention. So that industrial designs have the equal statues to patents, as one of the subdivisions of intellectual property.
1.3 Why protect industrial designs?
Industrial designs are what make an article attractive and appealing; hence, they add to the commercial value of a product and increase its marketability.
When an industrial design is protected, the owner-the person or entity that has registered the design-is assured an exclusive right against unauthorized copying or imitation of the design by third parties. This helps to ensure a fair return on investment. An effective system of protection also benefits consumers and the public at large, by promoting fair competition and honest trade practices, encouraging creativity, and promoting more aesthetically attractive product.
Protecting industrial designs helps economic development, by encouraging creativity in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, as well as in the traditional arts and crafts. They contribute to the expansion of commercial activities and the export of national products.
Industrial designs can be relatively simple and inexpensive to develop and protect. They are reasonably accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as to individual artists and craftsmen, in both industrialized and developing countries.
1.4 How can industrial designs be protected?
In most countries, an industrial design must be registered in order to be protected under Industrial Design Law. As for China, the regulations on design are under the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing regulations; As for Canada, The Industrial Design Act and Industrial Design Regulations details the regulations that govern design rights. As a general rule, to be registerable, the design must be “new” or “original”. Different countries have varying definitions of such terms, as well as variations in the registration process itself. Generally, “new” means that no identical or very similar design is known to have existed before.
Depending on the particular national law and the kind of design, an industrial design may also be protected as a work of art under copyright.
2.The main difference concerning registration
2.1 When to file an application
There is no time limit for filing an application as long as the design had never been published. The term “published” means that the design has been made public (even to your neighbors) or offered for commercial sale or use anywhere in the world. It is best to file an quickly as possible if publication has occurred.
In china, an design application does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred: [1] where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored of recognized by the Chinese Government;[2]where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;[3]when it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.
In Canada, the design shall be refused to be registered if the application is filed more than one year after the publication of the design in Canada of somewhere.
2.2 who can apply?
Only the proprietor of a design may apply for and obtain registration for an industrial design both in China and Canada, while there exists little difference between the two countries on the question that who can be defined as proprietor.[1] usually you are considered the proprietor if you have created the design;[2] if you work together with other person to creat a design, you should file for registration as joint proprietors ( unless you are all working under contract or commission );[3] if you have acquired ownership of a design, then you may apply;[4] if you are employee of a company and develop design as part of your employment, then the employer may be the proprietor. In that case, only the employer may apply in Canada; while in china, the entity and the inventor or creator may enter into a contract in which the right to apply for and own the exclusive right is provided for;[5] if you have been hired under contract to develop design for someone else, then that person is the proprietor and is the only one entitled to apply for registration in Canada; whereas in that case in China, the right to apply for registration belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual that made the design.
2.3 What requirements to make designs registerable?
In Canada, the minister shall register the design if the minister finds that it is not identical with or dose not so closely resemble any other design already registered as to be confounded therewith, and shall return to the proprietor thereof the drawing or photograph and description with the certificate required.
In China, any design for which patent fight may be granted must not be identical with and similar to any design which, before the date of falling has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not be in conflict with any prior right of any other person.
2.4 What you cannot register?
In Canada, you cannot register the following under the Industrial Design Act: [1] Designs that are utilitarian only and which are not intended to provide visual appeal; [2] Designs that have no fixed appearance; [3] Designs for components that are not clearly visible; [4] a method of construction; [5] an idea; [6] materials used in the construction of an article; [7] the useful function of the article; or [8] color.
In China, for any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: [1] scientific discoveries;[2] rules and methods for mental activities;[3] methods for diagnoses or for the treatment for the diseases;[4] animal and plant varieties;[5] substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.
From the above regulations, we can see that the Chinese regulations is more generic for all of the three types of creation-inventions; and the Canadian’s is more special in detail on designs. So we should absorb some of them in our implementing regulations of patent law.
2.5 searching of office record prior to filing an application
Prior to filing an application, you may wish to conduct a search of office records in order to better determine whether your design is truly new and original. This will give you the opportunity to see other registered designs. You should also keep your design confidential.
2.6 How long the process takes?
In Canada, the Office dose not register any design until six months after the date of filing. Normally it takes between eight and twelve months to have your application examined. While in china, there is no such kind of provisions concerning the term of process of designs.
2.7 Duration of protection
Both in the two countries, duration of protection of industrial designs is for ten-year term, while the beginning date is quite different. In Canada, it is the date of registration-usually six months after the date of filing; in china, it is the date of filing. Once the ten-year term has expired, anyone is free to make, import, rent or sell etc., the designs.
2.8 Extension of protection
In Canada, your application must include a description which identifies the features that constitute the design since the court may use your description to help determine the limits of protection for your design, you should word your description with care and precision. If your description is too broad, you may over-extend the scope of the design, and it may be impossible to enforce. If it is too narrow, you may limit the scope of the design or leave out features that you intended to protect.
中华人民共和国海关进出口货物报关单填制规范（修订稿）
中华人民共和国海关总署
公 告
2001年 第 19 号
《中华人民共和国海关进出口货物报关单填制规范》（以下简称《规范》）已作修订，自2002年1月1日起执行。现将有关修订内容公告如下：
一、根据中华人民共和国海关总署2001年14号公告，为统一转关运输货物报关单的填制标准，保证跨关区快速通关作业系统在全国的顺利实施，对《规范》作以下修改：
（一）《规范》第九条“运输工具名称”增加如下内容，相关内容作相应修改：
1．进口转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
（1）江海运输进境货物：直转货物填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号（或13位载货清单号）；中转货物填报进境英文船名（必须与提单、转关单填写完全一致）+“/”+“@”+进境船舶航次。
（2）航空运输进境货物：直转货物填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号；国际空运联程货物填报8位分运单号，无分运单的为空。
（3）铁路运输进境货物：直转货物填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号；中转货物填报车厢编号+“/”+“@”+8位进境日期（年年年年月月日日）。
（4）公路及其它运输方式进境货物：填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号（或13位载货清单号）。
（5）以上各种运输方式进境货物，在使用载货清单（广东地区）转关的提前报关货物填报“@”+13位载货清单号；其它提前报关货物为空。
2．出口转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
（1）江海运输出境货物：出口非中转货物填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号（或13位载货清单号）；中转货物：境内江海运输填报“驳船船名”+“/”+“驳船航次”；境内铁路运输填报车名（4位关别代码+TRAIN）+“/”+日期（6位启运日期）；境内公路运输填报车名（4位关别代码+TRUCK）+“/”+日期（6位启运日期）。
上述“驳船船名”、“驳船航次”、“车名”、“日期”均须事先在海关备案。
（2）铁路运输出境货物：填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号；多张报关单需要通过一张转关单转关的，填报“@”。
（3）其它运输方式出境货物：填报“@”+16位转关申报单预录入号（或12位载货清单号）。
（二）《规范》第十条“提运单号”最后一款修改为：
1．进境转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
（1）江海运输进境货物：填报海运正本提单号；进口提前报关为空。
（2）航空运输进境货物：直转货物填报11位总运单号+“/”+8位分运单号，无分运单号的填报11位总运单号；进口提前报关为空；国际空运联程货物填报“@”+总运单号。
（3）铁路运输进境货物：填报铁路运单号；进口提前报关为空。
（4）其它运输方式进境的转关运输货物，本栏目为空。
（5）以上各种运输方式进境货物，在广东省内用公路运输转关的，填报车牌号。
2．出境转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
（1）江海运输出境货物：出口中转货物填报海运正本提单号；出口非中转货物为空；广东省内提前报关的转关货物填报车牌号。
（2）其它运输方式出境货物：广东省内提前报关的转关货物填报车牌号；其它地区为空。
二、根据《海关总署关于增列海关监管方式代码和明确出口加工区进出境货物备案清单填制要求的通知》（署通[2000]747号），出口加工区内企业向海关申报货物进出境、进出区，以及在同一出口加工区内或不同出口加工区之间结转货物的双方企业，应填制《出口加工区进（出）境货物备案清单》。加工区与区外之间进出的货物，区外企业还应同时填制《出（进）口货物报关单》，向出口加工区海关办理进出口报关手续。《出口加工区进（出）境货物备案清单》原则上按《进出口货物报关单填制规范》的要求填制，部分栏目有特殊填制要求。为此，对《规范》作以下修改：
（一）《规范》第三条“进口口岸／出口口岸”增加一款，作为倒数第二款：
在不同出口加工区之间转让的货物，填报对方出口加工区海关名称及代码。
（二）《规范》第四条“备案号”最后一款增加如下内容：
出入出口加工区的保税货物，应填报标记代码为H的电子帐册备案号；出入出口加工区的征免税货物、物品，应填报标记代码为H、第六位为D的电子帐册备案号。
（三）《规范》第八条“运输方式”第三款增加一项，作为第4项：
4.出口加工区与区外之间进出的货物，填报“Z”；同一出口加工区内或不同出口加工区的企业之间相互结转（调拨）的货物，填报“9”（其他运输）；
（四）《规范》第十二条“贸易方式（监管方式）”增加一款，作为第二款：
出口加工区内企业填制的《出口加工区进（出）境货物备案清单》应选择填报适用于出口加工区货物的监管方式简称或代码。
三、根据《海关总署关于增列海关监管方式代码及局部调整报关单填制要求的通知》（署通发[2001]285号），《规范》第三十五条“商品名称、规格型号”第三款第2项修改为：
商品名称应当规范，规格型号应当足够详细，以能满足海关归类、审价及许可证件管理要求为准。本栏目填报内容包括：品名、牌名、规格、型号、成份、含量、等级等。
四、根据《海关总署关于下发〈便捷通关作业规程（试行）〉的通知》（署通发[2001]401号），经海关批准实行加工贸易联网监管的企业，应在向海关申报货物进出口、结转报关单前，向海关申报“清单”。一份报关清单对应一份报关单，报关单商品项由报关清单归并而得。通关系统自动审核报关清单与报关单及电子帐册的一致性。为此，《规范》第三十三条“项号”增列一款，作为最后一款：
经海关批准实行加工贸易联网监管的企业，应在向海关申报货物进出口、结转报关单前，向海关申报“清单”。一份报关清单对应一份报关单，报关单商品项由报关清单归并而得。
五、为顺利实施协定税率，凡申报采用协定税率的商品，必须在报关单的备注栏填报原产地证明标记，为此，《规范》第三十二条“标记唛码及备注”增加下述内容，列在本条的最后：
凡申报采用协定税率的商品，必须在报关单本栏目填报原产地证明标记，具体填报方法为：
在一对“〈〉”内以“协”字开头，依次填入该份报关单内企业能提供原产地证明的申报商品项号，各商品项号之间以“，”隔开；如果商品项号是连续的，则填报“起始商品项号”+“�”+“终止商品项号”，例如：
某份报关单的第2、5、16项商品，企业能够提供原产地证明，则填报“〈协2，5，16〉”；
某份报关单的第4、9、10、11、12、17项商品，企业能够提供原产地证明，则填报“〈协4，9-12，17〉”。
上述尖括号（〈〉）、逗号（，）、连接符（-）及数字都必须使用非中文状态下的半角字符。
附件：《中华人民共和国海关进出口货物报关单填制规范》
（修订稿）
二ОО一年十二月十四日
附件：
中华人民共和国海关进出口货物报关单填制规范
为统一进出口货物报关单填报要求，保证报关单数据质量，根据《海关法》及有关法规，制定本规范。
本规范在一般情况下采用“报关单”或“进口报关单”、“出口报关单”的提法，需要分别说明不同要求时，则分别采用以下用语：
1．报关单录入凭单：指申报单位按海关规定的格式填写的凭单，用作报关单预录入的依据（可将现行报关单放大后使用）。
2．预录入报关单：指预录入公司录入、打印，并联网将录入数据传送到海关，由申报单位向海关申报的报关单。
3．EDI报关单：指申报单位采用肋I方式向海关申报的电子
报文形式的报关单及事后打印、补交备核的书面报关单。
4．报关单证明联：指海关在核实货物实际入、出境后按报关
单格式提供的证明，用作企业向税务、外汇管理部门办结有关手
续的证明文件。
进出口货物报关单各栏目的填制规范如下：
一、预录入编号
指申报单位或预录入单位对该单位填制录入的报关单的编用于该单位与海关之间引用其申报后尚未批准放行的报关
报关单录入凭单的编号规则由申报单位自行决定。预录入报
关单及EDI报关单的预录入编号由接受申报的海关决定编号规
则，计算机自动打印。
二、海关编号
指海关接受申报时给予报关单的编号。
海关编号由各海关在接受申报环节确定，应标识在报关单的
每一联上。
报关单海关编号为9位数码，其中前两位为分关(办事处)
编号，第三位由各关自定义，后六位为JI匝序编号。各直属海关对
进口报关单和出口报关单应分别编号，并确保在同一公历年度
内，能按进口和出口唯一地标识本关区的每一份报关单。
各直属海关的理单岗位可以对g3档的报关单另行编制理单I／刁
档编号。理单g3档编号不得在部门以外用于报关单标识。
三、进口口岸／出口口岸
指货物实际进(出)我国关境口岸海关的名称。
本栏目应根据货物实际进(出)口的口岸海关选择填报《关
区代码表》中相应的口岸海关名称及代码。
加工贸易合同项下货物必须在海关核发的《登记手册》(或
分册，下同)限定或指定的口岸海关办理报关手续，《登记手册》
限定或指定的口岸与货物实际进出境口岸不符的，应向合同备案主管海关办理《登记手册》的变更手续后填报。
进口转关运输货物应填报货物进境地海关名称及代码， 出口
转关运输货物应填报货物出境地海关名称及代码。按转关运输方
式监管的跨关区深加工结转货物， 出口报关单填报转出地海关名
称及代码，进口报关单填报转入地海关名称及代码。
在不同出口加工区之间转让的货物，填报对方出口加工区海
关名称及代码。
其他无实际进出境的货物，填报接受申报的海关名称及代
码。
四、备案号
指进出口企业在海关办理加工贸易合同备案或征、减、免税
审批备案等手续时，海关给予《进料加工登记手册》、《来料加工
及中小型补偿贸易登记手册》、㈦卜商投资企业履行产品出口合同
进口料件及加工出口成品登记手册》(以下均简称《登记手册》)、
《进出口货物征免税证明》(以下简称《征免税证明》)或其他有
关备案审批文件的编号。
一份报关单只允许填报一个备案号。
具体填报要求如下：
1．加工贸易合同项下货物，除少量低价值辅料按规定不使用
《登记手册》的外，必须在报关单备案号栏目填报《登记手册》
的十二位编号。
加工贸易成品凭《征免税证明》转为享受减免税进口货物的，进口报关单填报《征免税证明》编号，出口报关单填报《登记手
册》编号。
2．凡涉及减免税备案审批的报关单，本栏目填报《征免税证
明》编号，不得为空；
3．无备案审批文件的报关单，本栏目免予填报。
备案号长度为12位，其中第1位是标记代码。出入出口加
工区的保税货物，应填报标记代码为H的电子帐册备案号； 出入
出口加工区的征免税货物、物品，应填报标记代码为H、第六位
为D的电子帐册备案号。
五、进口日期／出口日期
进口日期指运载所申报货物的运输工具申报进境的日期。本
栏目填报的日期必须与相应的运输工具进境日期一致。
出口日期指运载所申报货物的运输工具办结出境手续的日
期。本栏目供海关打印报关单证明联用，预录入报关单及EDI报
关单均免于填报。
无实际进出境的报关单填报办理申报手续的日期。
本栏目为6位数，顺序为年、月、日各2位。
六、申报日期
指海关接受进(出)口货物的收、发货人或其代理人申请办
理货物进(出)口手续的日期。
预录入及EDI报关单填报向海关申报的日期，与实际情况不
符时，由审单关员按实际日期修改批注。
本栏目为6位数，／顷序为年、月、日各2位。
七、经营单位
经营单位指对外签订并执行进出口贸易合同的中国境内企业
或单位。
本栏目应填报经营单位名称及经营单位编码。经营单位编码
为十位数字，指进出口企业在所在地主管海关办理注册登记手续
时，海关给企业设置的注册登记编码。
特殊情况下确定经营单位原则如下：
1．援助、赠送、捐赠的货物，填报直接接受货物的单位；
2．进出口企业之间相互代理进出口，或没有进出口经营权的
企业委托有进出口经营权的企业代理进出口的，填报代理方。
3．外商投资企业委托外贸企业进口投资设备、物品的，填报
外商投资企业。
八、运输方式
指载运货物进出关境所使用的运输工具的分类。
本栏目应根据实际运输方式按海关规定的《运输方式代码
表》选择填报相应的运输方式。
报
特殊情况下运输方式的填报原则如下：
1．非邮政方式进出口的快递货物，按实际运输方式填报；
2．进出境旅客随身携带的货物，按旅客所乘运输工具填报；
3．进口转关运输货物，按载运货物抵达进境地的运输工具填
出口转关运输货物，按载运货物驶离出境地的运输工具填报； 4．出口加工区与区外之间进出的货物，填报“Z”； 同一出口
加工区内或不同出口加工区的企业之间相互结转(调拨)的货物，
填报“9”(其他运输)；
5．其他无实际进出境的，根据实际情况选择填报《运输方式
代码表》中运输方式“0”(非保税区运入保税区和保税区退区)、
“1”(境内存入出口监管仓库和出口监管仓库退仓)、“7”(保税
区运往非保税区)、“8，，(保税，仓库转内销)或“9”(其他运输)。
九、运输工具名称
指载运货物进出境的运输工具的名称或运输工具编号。
本栏目填制内容应与运输部门向海关申报的载货清单所列相
应内容一致。
一份报关单只允许填报一个运输工具名称。
具体填报要求如下：
1．江海运输填报船舶呼号(来往港澳小型船舶为监管簿编
号)+“／”+航次号；
2．汽车运输填报该跨境运输车辆的国内行驶车牌号+“／”+
进出境日期(8位数字，即年年年年月月日日，下同)；
3．铁路运输填报车次(或车厢号)+“／”+进出境日期；
4．航空运输填报航班号+进出境日期+“／”+总运单号；
5．邮政运输填报邮政包裹单号+“／”+进出境日期；
6．其他运输填报具体运输方式名称，例如：管道、驮畜等
7．无实际进出境的加工贸易报关单按以下要求填报：
加工贸易深加工结转及料件结转货物，加工贸易成品凭《征
免税证明》转为享受减免税进口的货物，出口加工区与区外之间
进出的货物，同一出口加工区内或不同出口加工区的企业之间相
互结转(调拨)的货物，应先办理进口报关，并在出口报关单本
栏目填报转入方关区代码(前两位)及进口报关单号， 即“转入
XX(关区代码)XXXXXXXXX(进口报关单／备案清单
号)”。按转关运输货物办理结转手续的，按转关运输有关规定填
报。
进口转关运输货物报关单填报要求如下：
1．江海运输进境货物：直转货物填报“㈤”+16位转关申报单
预录入号(或13位载货清单号)；中转货物填报进境英文船名(必
须与提单、转关单填写完全一致)+“／”+“㈤”+进境船舶航次；
2．航空运输进境货物：直转货物填报“④”+16位转关中报单
预录入号；国际空运联程货物填报8位分运单号，无分运单的为
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